Civic Events in a Dynamic Local Field. The Role of Participation for Social Innovation

Despite the spread of a variety of small-scale civic events, little is known about their potential for promoting innovation and field-wide implications. This paper addresses these points drawing on a study of 52 civic events in Milan between 2006 and 2010, which were set up by 10 nonprofit organizations within a shared local field. In order to assess if and how the observed events relate to a number of transformations that the local field underwent during the research period, an analytical typology of events' development is proposed. The results suggest that patterns of events' development are not neutral with respect to the production of field-relevant implications and that the triggering of social innovation processes by events requires pro-active public participation in their development processes.     

Electrical Coupling Between Cells and Graphene Transistors

In this work, both experimental data and a model are presented on the coupling between living cells and graphene solution‐gated field‐effect transistors. Modified HEK 293 cells are successfully cultured on graphene transistor arrays and electrically accessed by the patch clamp method. Transistor recordings are presented, showing the opening and closing of voltage‐gated potassium ion channels in the cell membrane. The experimental data is compared with the broadly used standard point‐contact model. The ion dynamics in the cell–transistor cleft are analyzed to account for the differences between the model and the experimental data revealing a significant increase in the total ionic strength in the cleft. In order to describe the influence of the ion concentration resulting from the cell activity, the ion‐sensitivity of graphene solution‐gated field‐effect transistors is investigated experimentally and modelled by considering the screening effect of the ions on the surface potential at the graphene/electrolyte interface. Finally, the model of the cell–transistor coupling is extended to include the effect of ion accumulation and ion sensitivity. The experimental data shows a very good agreement with this extended model, emphasizing the importance of considering the ion concentration in the cleft to properly understand the cell‐transistor coupling.     

Cl‐Doped ZnO Nanowire Arrays on 3D Graphene Foam with Highly Efficient Field Emission and Photocatalytic Properties

An environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and large‐scale method is developed for fabrication of Cl‐doped ZnO nanowire arrays (NWAs) on 3D graphene foam (Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF), and investigates its applications as a highly efficient field emitter and photocatalyst. The introduction of Cl‐dopant in ZnO increases free electrons in the conduction band of ZnO and also leads to the rough surface of ZnO NWAs, which greatly improves the field emission properties of the Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF. The Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF demonstrates a low turn‐on field (≈1.6 V μm⁻¹), a high field enhancement factor (≈12844), and excellent field emission stability. Also, the Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF shows high photocatalytic efficiency under UV irradiation, enabling photodegradation of organic dyes such as RhB within ≈75 min, with excellent recyclability. The excellent photocatalytic performance of the Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF originates from the highly efficient charge separation efficiency at the heterointerface of Cl‐ZnO and GF, as well as improved electron transport efficiency due to the doping of Cl. These results open up new possibilities of using Cl‐ZnO and graphene‐based hybrid nanostructures for various functional devices.     

车轮不均匀磨损激光位移测量仪的设计与测试

为现场测量车轮踏面圆周方向的不均匀磨损情况,基于激光位移测量方法设计一种新型车轮不均匀磨损测量仪.设计中利用转轮与编码器同步转动实现不均匀磨损的等步长测量,通过串口通信实现测量仪与计算机之间的数据通信与采集控制.现场测试结果表明:激光车轮不均匀磨损测量仪能在现场方便快捷地测量车轮圆周表面不均匀磨损,结果具有良好的重复性和稳定性,其测量准确度可达0.1μm.     

金-硅共晶键合技术及其应用

采用金属过渡层来实现硅-硅低温键合,首先介绍了选择钛金作为金属过渡层的原因和金硅共晶键合的基本原理,然后探索了不同键合面积和不同金层厚度对金硅共晶键合质量的影响规律,开展了图形化的硅晶圆和硅盖板之间的低温共晶键合实验研究,获取了最优键合面积的阈值和最优金层厚度.最后将该低温金硅共晶键合技术应用到MEMS器件圆片级封装实验中,实验结果表明较好地实现了MEMS惯性器件的封装强度,但是还存在密封性差的缺陷,需进一步进行实验改进.     

带电子聚焦的氧化锌场发射背光源

液晶显示需要低功耗、均匀度好的光源作为背光源。为了降低功耗,提高显示图像质量,未来的液晶显示需要实现对背光源进行时间与阵列调制。对比现有的液晶显示用背光源,研究制备了氧化锌场发射光源。该光源采用氧化锌纳米针作为场发射阴极,采用平面栅极作为门电极调制结构实现亮度的连续可调,通过带有氧化镁二次电子发射层的金属栅网对电子进行聚焦实现光源的均匀照度。实验结果表明,带电子聚焦的氧化锌场发射光源具有较低的开启场强(1.1V/μm),较小的电压调制区间(小于150V),较高的发光强度(大于1 000cd/m2),且基于电子聚焦结构的设计,实现了光源的均匀稳定照度,可以提高液晶显示的图像质量。带电子聚焦结构的氧化锌场发射光源,既可实现对发光的时间与阵列调制,同时能提高发光的均匀性,将可作为液晶显示的理想背光源。     

铜锡合金纳米粒子的制备和性能研究

通过化学还原方法制备了铜锡合金纳米粒子,并研究分析了其的尺寸和热学性能。铜锡纳米粒子的X射线衍射分析结果显示,合成产物主要是锡纳米颗粒和铜锡合金(Cu6Sn5)纳米颗粒组成,且这些纳米粒子并未被氧化。其示差扫描量热法测得结果表明,本次合成的纳米颗粒的熔点为202.98 ℃,适合现代电子封装技术对低熔点封装材料的要求。     

天线相位中心位置的计算方法

本文提出了一种天线相位中心位置的计算方法,该方法基于天线远场幅度与相位方向图,能够快速计算出天线相位中心位置。首先建立天线相位中心位置与远场相位方向图之间的模型,然后求远场相位SSD对位置偏移的偏导,得到相位SSD的最小值以及此时的位置偏移。在计算相位中心的过程中可以根据要求选取不同的幅度加权方法,在计算结束后,通过补偿后的相位方向图来比较几种加权方法的计算效果。     

Conservative Approximation–Based Full‐Search Block Matching Algorithm Architecture for QCIF Digital Video Employing Systolic Array Architecture

This paper presents a power‐efficient hardware realization for a motion estimation technique that is based on the full‐search block matching algorithm (FSBMA). The considered input is the quarter common intermediate format of digital video. The mean of absolute difference (MAD) is the distortion criteria employed for the block matching process. The conventional architecture considered for the hardware realization of FSBMA is that of the shift register–based 2‐D systolic array. For this architecture, a conservative approximation technique is adapted to eliminate unnecessary MAD computations involved in the block matching process. Upon introducing the technique to the conventional architecture, the power and complexity of its implantation is reduced, while the accuracy of the motion vector extracted from the block matching process is preserved. The proposed architecture is verified for its functional specifications. A performance evaluation of the proposed architecture is carried out using parameters such as power, area, operating frequency, and efficiency.